![]()
保罗·高更(Paul Gauguin，1848-1903)法国后印象派画家、雕塑家，与梵高、塞尚并称为后印象派三大巨匠，对现当代绘画的发展有着非常深远的影响。
高更在临终之前，
把自己的全部精力都投入到这幅画中。
这幅画的名字是:
我们从哪里来？我们是谁？我们往哪里去？
![]()
高更生于法国巴黎，他把绘画的本质看作是某种独立于自然之外的东西，当成记忆中经验的一种创造，而不是一般所认为的那种通过反复写生而直接获得的知觉经验中的东西。
![]()
和大多数同时代的艺术家相比，他的探索在更大程度上受到原始艺术的影响，特别是他对南太平洋热带岛屿的风土人情极为痴迷，这似乎要从他的家族背景和成长经历中追根溯源了。
![]()
英国作家毛姆曾以高更的经历为蓝本写过一部著名的小说《月亮和六便士》，其中虽对高更的生平与人格不尽真实，但也正是这部小说让高更出众的才华与过人的勇气得到世人关注，而高更的人生经历以及他的画作所体现出的对于现代文明的深刻反思非常具有典型性的。
![]()
高更在技法上采用色彩平涂，注重和谐而不强调对比，《讲道以后的幻景》就是这种艺术处理的代表作。他的绘画风格与印象主义迥然不同，强烈的轮廓线以及用主观化色彩表现经过概括和简化了的形体，都服从于几何形图案，从而取得音乐性、节奏感和装饰效果。其理论和实践影响了一大批画家，被誉为继印象主义之后在法国画坛上产生重要影响的艺术革新者。
![]()
1897年2月，高更完成了创作生涯中最大的一幅油画: "我们从哪里来?我们是谁?我们往哪里去?"。这幅画，用他的话来说，"其意义远远超过所有以前的作品;我再也画不出更好的有同样价值的画来了。在我临终以前我已把自己的全部精力都投人这幅画中了。
本文由公号哲学之路编辑发布
这里有多少我在种种可怕的环境中所体验过的悲伤之情，这里我的眼睛看得多么真切而且未经校正，以致一切轻率仓促的痕迹荡然无存，它们看见的就是生活本身……整整一个月，我一直处在一种难以形容的癫狂状态之中，昼夜不停地画着这幅画……尽管它有中间调子，但整个风景完全是稳定的蓝色和韦罗内塞式的绿色。所有的裸体都以鲜艳的橙黄色突出在风景前面。" 在恶劣的环境中，以痛苦的热情和清晰的幻觉来描绘，因此画面看起来毫无急躁的迹象，反而洋溢着生气。没有模特儿，没有画技，没有一般所谓的绘画规则。" 画面色彩单纯而富神秘气息，平面手法使之富有东方的装饰性与浪漫色彩。在斑驳绚丽、如梦如幻的画面中，暗寓着画家哲理性的对生命意义的追问。
![]()
油画《黄色的基督》，以其平铺的块面、浓重的色彩、大胆的轮廓线以及简约的造型，反映出高更"综合主义"绘画的风格特点。整个画面被前景的人物、十字架的垂直立柱以及顶端的水平横木所支撑。田野、天空及十字架的道道条状的形，与妇女及树木图像圆转起伏的曲线，产生鲜明对比;那平直延展的形，与圆曲封闭的形，形成强烈的对照。所有物象都统一于一种明快而简约的图形中。色彩虽然华丽，却显示出布列顿景色的天然质朴;妇女的形象虽显得优雅，然而其庄稼人的气质却仍是一目了然。
Sooner or later people will learn to recognize your worth.看高更那蔑视众生的眼神和混搭西服配开衩下装，与其说他厌世，不如说他根本不屑于这浮世对艺术创作的禁锢。高更死后，作品渐渐被人们认可与赏识，他所为大众欣赏的更多是通过大胆色彩表现出的现实批判与艺术抽象的完美结合，以及作品给人带来的不羁却纯粹，奇幻却真实的强烈视觉冲击与内心感受。…solitude is not to be recommended to everyone, for you have to be strong in order to bear it and act alone.I’d like to write the way I do my paintings, that is, as fantasy takes me, as the moon dictates.Night is here. All is at rest. My eyes close in order to see without actually understanding the dream that flees before men infinite space; and I experience the languorous sensation produced by the mournful procession of my hopes.Art is either revolution or plagiarism.Do what you like, so long as it is intelligent.I findeverythingpoetic, and it’s in the corners of my heart which are sometimes mysterious that I catch a glimpse of poetry…
I feel a sensation that leads meinto a poetic state…![]()
Clearing![]()
In the forest Saint Cloud II![]()
In the forest Saint Cloud![]()
The Forest Path![]()
Working the landI shut my eyes in order to see.![]()
Cail Factories and Quai of Grenelle![]()
Chicken Coop![]()
Landscape with Poplars![]()
Mette asleep on a sofa![]()
Pears and grapes![]()
Port de Grenelle![]()
The Seine at the Pont d'Iena![]()
The Seine in Paris![]()
The Seine opposite the wharf de passy![]()
The Seine, Pont d'Iena, Snowing![]()
Bouquet of Peonies on a Musical Score![]()
China Asters, Hat and Book![]()
Daisies and peonies in blue vase![]()
Man with a Toque![]()
Port de Javel![]()
Still life with oysters![]()
Still life with red mullet and jug![]()
Autumn Landscape (Farm and pond)![]()
Portrait of a child (Aline Gauguin)![]()
Portrait of Claude Antoine Charles Favre![]()
Portrait of Ingeborg Thaulow![]()
The embroiderer or Mette Gauguin![]()
Apple-Trees in Blossom![]()
Geese on the farm![]()
Riverside (Breton landscape)![]()
Snow at Vaugirard![]()
The market gardens of Vaugirard![]()
Vaugirard church![]()
Winter Landscape![]()
Clay jug and irin mug![]()
Flowers and carpet (Pansies)![]()
Houses at Vaugirard![]()
Mandolin on a chair![]()
Still life with fruit plate![]()
To Make a BouquetStudy of a Nude, Suzanne Sewing高更在1881年的“独立派”画家展览会上展出了一幅完全独创一格的画“裸体习作”。一位评论家写道：“这幅画显示着一个当代画家无可争辩气质。在当代所有画过裸体的画家中间，还没有一个能够如此有力地表现生活的…栩栩如生…这整个身体，这耷拉在腿股部的略微隆起的腹部，多么形象的结构是符合毕沙罗的印象主义明暗观念的。但它具有明显的现实主义的腔调(譬如人体的皱纹、背部的变形)，带有更剧烈的明暗调子的对比；还可看到不甚高明的素描带有不合比例之处。这些不合常规的表现，一方面说明了高更的现实主义倾向，但另一方面也妨碍了整体的统一。裸体是玫瑰红和绿色，有深蓝色的阴影；内衣是粉红色和天蓝色；人体右边的衬布是绿色和蓝色；头发是蓝黑色；墙是紫色；墙上挂着的吉它是黑色和黄色；壁毯是黄白色及蓝色和红色的条纹。吉它和壁毯的质感表现得很完美；其余的东西则表现得不甚确切。色彩很大胆，也很强烈，但在细节上比在整体上成功。总之，这件作品的作者是一位不大考虑到调子的大胆的色彩家，一位对自己的纲领缺乏信心的素描家，一位没有很大活力的、争辩多于灵感的![]()
Banks of the Oise![]()
Corner of the garden rue Carsal![]()
Flowers and carpet![]()
Interior of the Painter’s House, rue Carcel![]()
Party wall![]()
Pissarro’s Garden, Pontoise![]()
Pond with Ducks (Girl Amusing Herself)![]()
River bank in winter![]()
Still life with Oranges![]()
Still life. Vase with flowers on the window![]()
The Queen’s Mill![]()
Young Girl Dreaming (Study of a Child Asleep)![]()
Bouquet of Sunflowers![]()
At the Window![]()
Aube the Sculptor and His Son![]()
Blue Barge![]()
Bouquet of flowers![]()
Flowers and Japanese book![]()
Gratte roosters path![]()
Mountain landscape![]()
Quarries at Pontoise![]()
Aline Gauguin and one of her brothers![]()
Double portrait of a young girl (Mademoiselle Lafuite)![]()
Farm in Osny![]()
Garden In Rue Carcel![]()
Harbour Scene, Dieppe![]()
Ingeborg Thaulow![]()
Mandolina and Flowers![]()
Osny, rue de Pontoise, Winter![]()
Quarry hole in the cliff想起在巴比松画派（Barbizon School）影向下毕沙![]()
Stream in Osny![]()
Street in Osny![]()
The farm in Grue![]()
The garden in winter, rue Carcel![]()
Tomatoes and a pewter tankard on a table![]()
Village street, Osny![]()
A Henhouse![]()
Abandoned garden in Rouen![]()
An Orchard under the Church of Bihorel![]()
Basket of flowers![]()
Blue roofs of Rouen![]()
Bouquet![]()
Bust of a Nude Girl![]()
Clovis Gauguin asleep![]()
Hillside![]()
Landscape near Onsy![]()
Mette Gauguin in an Evening Dress![]()
Nasturtiums & dahlias in a basket![]()
Near Rouen![]()
Normandy Landscape-Cow in a Meadow![]()
Notre Dame des Agnes![]()
Orchard under the Church of Bihorel (Children in the Pasture)![]()
Osny, the gate of Busagny farm![]()
Portrait of a seated man![]()
Portrait of Aline![]()
Portrait of Isidore Gauguin![]()
Returning from the harvest (Manuring)![]()
Rouen at spring![]()
Rouen suburb![]()
Rue Jouvenet, Rouen![]()
Skaters in Fredericksberg park![]()
Street in Rouen![]()
Sunken Lane![]()
The artist’s children![]()
The cliffs of Le-Bouille![]()
The Port Of Rouen![]()
The road up![]()
The Square Pong![]()
Two Cows in the Meadow![]()
Vase of Peonies![]()
Wooded Path![]()
Young Woman Lying in a Grass![]()
Paul Gauguin and wife Mette, Copenhagen![]()
Bare Trees![]()
Bathing, Dieppe![]()
Boy by the Water![]()
By the Stream, Autumn![]()
Cattle Drinking![]()
Cliff near Dieppe![]()
Conversation![]()
Dahlias in a copper vase![]()
Donkey by Lane![]()
Evening Primroses in the Vase![]()
Flower and a Bird![]()
Geese in the meadow![]()
Haymaking near Dieppe![]()
Horse and Cow in a Meadow![]()
Landscape with cows in an Orchard![]()
Lilac bouquet![]()
Oestervold Park, Copenhagen![]()
Pere Jean’s Path![]()
Portrait of Achille Granchi Taylor![]()
Portrait of Philibert Favre![]()
Red roof by the water![]()
Self Portrait![]()
Stabble near Dieppe![]()
Still Life of Onions and Pigeons and Room Interior in Copenhagen![]()
Still Life with a Mandolin![]()
Still life with carafe and ceramic figure![]()
The Forest Edge![]()
Two vases of flowers and a fan![]()
Watering Place![]()
White House![]()
Willows![]()
Winter’s End![]()
Women bathing (Dieppe)![]()
Bathing in Front of the Port of Pont-Aven![]()
Bathing Place![]()
Bordeaux Harbour![]()
Breton Woman![]()
Clovis![]()
Coastal Landscape![]()
Cows on the Seashore![]()
Farm in Brittany![]()
Fire by the Water![]()
Four Breton Women![]()
Fruit in a Bowl![]()
Fruit![]()
Landscape at Pont-Aven![]()
Lollichon Field![]()
Lollichon’s Field and the Church of Pont-Aven![]()
Pont-Aven woman and child![]()
Pots and Boquets![]()
Red Hat![]()
Rocks and Sea![]()
Schooner and three masters![]()
Stabble near Dieppe![]()
Still Life with Cherries![]()
Still life with horse’s head![]()
Still Life with Profile of Laval![]()
Still life with white bowl![]()
Suburb under snow![]()
La Belle Angele![]()
The boss’s daughter![]()
The vase of nasturtiums![]()
Vase of Flowers![]()
Washerwomen at Pont-Aven![]()
A Litter Washerman![]()
A Seashore![]()
Around the Huts![]()
At the Pond![]()
Coastal Landscape from Martinique![]()
Huts under Trees![]()
Madame Alexandre Kohler![]()
Mango pickers (Martinique)![]()
Martinique Landscape![]()
Meadow in Martinique![]()
Palm trees on Martinique![]()
Still life with mangoes and hibiscus![]()
Tropical Conversation![]()
Tropical Landscape, Martinique![]()
Two Girls Bathing![]()
Breton Woman and Goose by the Water![]()
A little cat![]()
Apples in bowl![]()
Aven running through Pont-Aven![]()
Blue Trees![]()
Bouquet of Flowers with a Window Open to the Sea (Reverse of Hay-Making in Brittany)![]()
Breton Boy by the Aven River![]()
Breton Boys Wrestling![]()
Breton Fisherman![]()
Breton girls dancing![]()
Breton Woman with a Pitcher![]()
Breton Women at the Turn![]()
Captain Jacob![]()
Cottages on Mount Sainte Marguerite![]()
Cove opposite Pont-Aven Harbor![]()
tude pour La Ronde des petites Bretonnes![]()
Fisherman and bathers on the Aven![]()
Fruits![]()
Grape Harvest at Arles![]()
Haymaking in Brittany![]()
Head of a Breton (Marie Louarn)![]()
In the Heat (The Pigs)![]()
Kneeling cow![]()
Landscape at Arles![]()
Landscape near Arles![]()
Landscape of Brittany![]()
Landscape with geese![]()
Lane at alchamps, Arles![]()
Laveuses à Arles![]()
Les Alyscamps![]()
Little breton bather![]()
Madame Roulin![]()
Mas, near Arles![]()
Meadow at the banks of Aven![]()
Night Cafe, Arles![]()
Self-Portrait with Portrait of Gauguin, Emile Bernard![]()
Still-Life with Three Puppies![]()
The Painter of Sunflowers (Portrait of Vincent van Gogh)![]()
The Wave![]()
the swineherd brittany一片片颜色是像景泰蓝(Cloisons)那样平面分布的![]()
The Vision After The Sermon (Jacob Wrestling With The Angel)综合主义（Synthetism）。高更的这种风格后来还![]()
Washerwomen At Roubine Du Roi![]()
Self-portrait with Halo![]()
At the Beach![]()
At the Black Rocks![]()
Beach at Le Pouldu![]()
Bonjour Monsieur Gauguin![]()
Breton Eve![]()
Breton Women![]()
Human Misery, from the Volpini Suite![]()
In the waves (Odine)![]()
Jeune Bretonne au bord de la mer![]()
Pleasures of Brittany![]()
Portrait of Meijer de Haan by Lamplight![]()
Seated Breton Girl![]()
Self Portrait as “Christ on the Mount of Olives”![]()
The Flageolet Player On The Cliff![]()
The Green Christ or The Calvary![]()
The Ham![]()
The milkmaid![]()
Madame la Mort![]()
Meules de foin en Bretagne![]()
Nirvana (also known as Portrait of Meyer de Hasn)![]()
Portraits of Paul and Jean Schuffenecker![]()
Landscape with Black Pigs and a Crouching Tahitian![]()
![]()
atelier schuffenecker![]()
Faaturuma (Mélancolie)![]()
Orana Maria![]()
portrait of suzanne bambridge![]()
Road in Tahiti![]()
Tahitian Women on the Beach![]()
Te vahine fa'atūruma (La Boudeuse)![]()
The Loss of Virginity (The Awakening of Spring)![]()
The Man with an Axe![]()
Tiare Farani (Flowers of France)![]()
Vahine no te tiare (Woman with a Flower)![]()
Young Man with a Flower Behind His Ear![]()
The Sacred Mountain (Parahi Te Marae)![]()
Are You Jealous？(Aha Oe Feii)![]()
Joyeusete![]()
la siesta![]()
Landscape with Blue Trees![]()
Landscape with Peacocks现在，当我要回去，已经比刚来时更野蛮，但是，也变![]()
Mata mua - In Olden Times![]()
Nafea Faa Ipoipo (When Will You Marry？)![]()
Parau na te Varua ino (Words of the Devil)![]()
Tahitian women under the palms![]()
Te aa no Areois (The seed of the Areoi)![]()
The morning![]()
Woman with a Mango![]()
sprit of the dead![]()
Women at the Riverside![]()
Gauguin, Mucha, & friends at Rue de la Grande Chaumière, Paris![]()
Among The Lillies![]()
Illustration in the Noa-Noa Album, Tahiti![]()
MoMA![]()
Noa Noa Suite-Delightful Land![]()
Portrait of Louis Roy![]()
Self Portrait with Palette![]()
Self Portrait![]()
Self-Portrait in a Hat![]()
Tahitian mountains![]()
Tahitian Pastorals![]()
Te Atua (The Gods)![]()
Tehamana Has Many Parents (The Ancestors Of Tehamana)![]()
Breton Peasant Women (‘Paysannes bretonnes’)![]()
Christmas Night (The Blessing of the Oxen)![]()
Farm In Brittany![]()
Flowers In A Fruit Bowl![]()
Landscape in Brittany - The David Mill![]()
Lying Girl Afraid of Spirits of the Dead![]()
Mahana no Atua (Day of the Gods, Jour de Dieu)![]()
Paris in the Snow![]()
Sacred Spring![]()
The Guitar Player![]()
Upaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud)![]()
The Child![]()
Canoe and Tahitian Family![]()
No te aha oe Riri![]()
Portrait Of A Young Woman, Vaite (Jeanne) Goupil![]()
Savage Poems![]()
scene from tahitian life![]()
Self Portrait (Place of the Skull)![]()
self portrait![]()
Still Life With Teapot And Fruits![]()
Te Arii Vahine (The King’s Wife)![]()
Te tamari no atua (The birth of a Christ)![]()
Trois Tahitiennes, Paul Gauguin![]()
Vase Of Flowers![]()
Where Do We Come From？What Are We？Where Are We Going？1897年2月，高更完成了创作生涯中最大的一幅油画![]()
Nevermore (O Taiti)![]()
Bathers at Tahiti![]()
The White Horse![]()
Two Tahitian Women![]()
Three Tahitian Women Against a Yellow Background![]()
three tahitians![]()
woman_boy![]()
Tahitian Woman with Evil Spirit 